Updated: 24 May 2001

DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS

Order Number: AA-LU50K-TE

Revision Information: This is a revised manual.

Operating Systems: OpenVMS Alpha Versions 7.1, 7.2 OpenVMS VAX Versions 7.1,7.2

Software Version: DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.0

Compaq Computer Corporation
Houston, Texas

Compaq Computer Corporation makes no representations that the use of its products in the manner described in this publication will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment or software in accordance with the description.

Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license from Compaq or an authorized sublicensor.

Compaq conducts its business in a manner that conserves the environment and protects the safety and health of its employees, customers, and the community.

© Compaq Computer Corporation 1999. All rights reserved.

The following are trademarks of Compaq Computer Corporation: Alpha, Compaq, DECnet, DIGITAL, DIGITAL UNIX, LAT, OpenVMS, PATHWORKS, POLYCENTER, VAX, VAX DOCUMENT, VAXcluster, VMS, and the Compaq logo.

The following are third-party trademarks:

ARCnet is a registered trademark of DATAPOINT Corporation.

JOIN is a trademark of Competitive Automation, Inc.

MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

NetBIOS is a trademark of Micro Computer Systems, Inc.

NFS, PC-NFS, and Sun are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

OSF/1 is a registered trademark of Open Software Foundation, Inc.

PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Ltd.

X Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

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This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version V3.2n.

Contents

Index

The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product is Compaq's implementation of the TCP/IP networking protocol suite and internet services for OpenVMS Alpha and OpenVMS VAX systems.

A layered software product, DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS provides a comprehensive suite of functions and applications that support industry-standard protocols for heterogeneous network communications and resource sharing.

This manual provides system and network managers with information needed for the day-to-day management of the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software product. This manual is best used in conjunction with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference manual.

See the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Installation and Configuration manual for information about installing, configuring, and starting this product.

Intended Audience

This manual is for experienced OpenVMS and/or UNIX system managers and assumes a working knowledge of TCP/IP networking, TCP/IP terminology, and some familiarity with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product.

If you are not familiar with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product, please review all documentation before attempting to configure and manage your software components.

If you are familiar with DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software components, Compaq recommends spending a few minutes reading the "Reviewing Key Concepts" section of each chapter before modifying or working with individual software components.

New and Changed Features

DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.0 provides a new kernel based on the IPv4 kernel ported from DIGITAL UNIX Version 4.0D. ¹

Other new features include:

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) that allows the system manager to provide dynamic allocation of IP addresses from a single OpenVMS host.
• Gateway routing daemon (GATED) server and a comprehensive suite of interior and exterior routing protocols that offer advanced routing options.
• Classless Inter-domain routing (CIDR) which allows networks to be built with variable length subnetworks
• PathMTU discovery, a mechanism that allows an IP Host to determine the most efficient packet size for use on a particular path between the source to the destination host.
• UNIX management utilities to assist with the management of OpenVMS systems in a mixed UNIX and OpenVMS environment.
• New implementations of NTP, SNMP, and BIND.
• Improved on-line help and a new message database for use with the OpenVMS Help Message utility (MSGHLP).

Changes to this document include:

• Addition of new chapters to describe configuring DHCP, GATED, and the load broker.
• Revised chapters to describe the new implementations of BIND, NTP, and SNMP.
• Addition of a new appendix listing TCP/IP Services acronyms.
• Removal of error message appendixes. Error message documentation is now available on line by using the OpenVMS HELP/MESSAGE command.
• Removal of the Security Driver appendix. (Support for the security driver is no longer available.)

Document Structure

This manual contains seven parts as follows:

Part 1	Describes how to configure network interfaces, how to set up serial lines, and how to configure and manage routing.
Part 2	Describes how to set up and manage the BIND server, resolver, and load broker components.
Part 3	Describes how to set up the following network services: DHCP BOOTP and TFTP Portmapper Network Time Protocol (NTP) SNMP
Part 4	Describes how to configure network applications that let users send and receive electronic mail from the internet; establish login sessions with a remote host; and transfer files. Part 3 describes how to configure these applications on the local host to provide the following support to remote and local users: TELNET FTP Remote (R) commands SMTP and POP
Part 5	Describes how to configure, use, and manage the components that enable transparent network file sharing: NFS server, PC-NFS, and NFS client.
Part 6	Describes how to configure and manage network printing services: LPD/LPR and TELNETSYM.
Part 7	Provides appendixes that: Explain how to identify and resolve problems with the software. Explain how to configure the Gateway Routing Daemon. Provide EBCDIC/DMCS translation tables. Describe how NFS converts UNIX file names to OpenVMS files names. List the acronyms related to TCP/IP networking.

Related Documentation

Table 1 lists the documents available with this version of DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.

Table 1 DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Documentation

Manual	Contents
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Release Notes	This text file describes new features and changes to the software including installation, upgrade, configuration, and compatibility information. These notes also describe new and existing software problems and restrictions, and software and documentation corrections. Print this text file at the beginning of the installation procedure and read it before you install DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Installation and Configuration	This manual explains how to install and configure the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS layered application product.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS User's Guide	This manual describes how to use the applications available with DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS such as remote file operations, E-mail, TELNET, TN3270, and network printing. This manual also explains how to use these services to communicate with systems on private internets or on the worldwide Internet.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management	This manual describes how to configure and manage the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product. Use this manual with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference manual.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference	This manual describes the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS management commands. Use this manual with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management manual.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS ONC RPC Programming	This manual presents an overview of high-level programming using open network computing remote procedure calls (ONC RPC). This manual also describes the RPC programming interface and how to use the RPCGEN protocol compiler to create applications.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS System Service and C Socket Programming	This manual describes how to use the OpenVMS system services and C Socket programming interfaces to develop network-based applications.
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS eSNMP Programming and Reference	This manual describes the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol (eSNMP), the eSNMP application programming interface (API), and how to build additional subagents to manage vendor-specific equipment.

For additional information about the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS products and services, access the DIGITAL OpenVMS World Wide Web site at the following URL:

http://www.openvms.digital.com

You might find the Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture, by Douglas Comer useful if you are looking for a comprehensive overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Terminology

DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.0 completes the change initiated several releases ago when the product name changed from "ULTRIX Connection (UCX)" to "DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS." To complete this change, the identifier "UCX" is replaced with "TCPIP" in the following:

• Registered product facility code
• Management command prompt
• All messages, examples, and banners
• All product file names, queues, and databases
• All logical names, except those retained for compatibility
• All associated product documentation

DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS is used to mean both:

• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Alpha
• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS VAX

The auxiliary server is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of the UNIX internet daemon (inetd.)

NFS is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of the NFS protocols, including the NFS server, the NFS client, and PC-NFS.

TN3270 means the TELNET client software that emulates IBM 3270 model terminals.

The term UNIX refers to DIGITAL UNIX operating system. DIGITAL UNIX is fully compatible with Version 4.3 and Version 4.4 of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

Host and node both mean a system connected to an internet.

The term Internet refers to the global interconnection of networks, as defined by RFC 1208, which consists of large networks using TCP/IP to provide universal connectivity, reaching the Defense Advanced Projects Research Internet, MILNET, NSFnet, CERN, and many worldwide universities, government research labs, military installations, and business enterprises.

The term internet refers to private interconnected networks that use TCP/IP to connect together and function as one, virtual network.

Conventions

All IP addresses in this book represent fictitious addresses. The following conventions apply to this book.

Convention	Meaning
UPPERCASE TEXT	Indicates names of OpenVMS and TCPIP/Services commands, options, utilities, files, directories, hosts, and users.
lowercase special type	Indicates UNIX system output or user input, commands, options, files, directories, utilities, hosts, and users.
italic type	Indicates a variable.
[Return]	Indicates that you press the Return key.
[Ctrl/] x	Indicates that you press the Control key while you press the key noted by x.
[ ]	In command format descriptions, indicates optional elements. The elements are separated by vertical bars (|). You can enter as many as you want.
{ }	In command format descriptions, indicates you must enter at least one listed element. The elements are separated by vertical bars (|).

Reader's Comments

Compaq welcomes your comments on this manual.

Print or edit the online form SYS$HELP:OPENVMSDOC_COMMENTS.TXT and send us your comments by:

Internet	openvmsdoc@zko.mts.dec.com
Fax	603 884-0120, Attention: OSSG Documentation, ZKO3-4/U08
Mail	OSSG Documentation Group, ZKO3-4/U08 110 Spit Brook Rd. Nashua, NH 03062-2698

How To Order Additional Documentation

Visit the OpenVMS Documentation World Wide Web site at the following URL to learn how to order additional documentation:

http://www.openvms.digital.com:81/

If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs, call 800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825).

Part 1 provides the information on how to get started after installing and configuring DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software.

Chapter 1 includes the following topics:

• Reviewing the post-configuration environment
• Making changes to the initial configuration
• Configuring DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software on an OpenVMS Cluster
• Using the auxiliary server to start services and log events

Chapter 2 describes how to set up network interfaces.

Chapter 3 explains how to set up serial lines.

Chapter 4 discusses how to configure and manage network routing.

This chapter reviews information you need to get started with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software. Topics include:

• Reviewing pertinent databases, logical names, and other files
• Making changes to your initial configuration then stopping and restarting the product.
• Enabling PATHWORKS support
• Creating user accounts and proxy identities
• Configuring TCP/IP Services on an OpenVMS Cluster
• Starting services with the auxiliary server

This manual assumes you installed and configured DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software with the configuration procedure called TCPIP$CONFIG. This menu-driven procedure configures the software components you select or all of the TCP/IP Services software components. The "out-of-the-box" defaults are designed to get your system up and running as an internet host with minimal effort.

TCPIP$CONFIG CREATES several database files described in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Configuration Databases

Database	File Name
BOOTP database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$BOOTP.DAT
Configuration database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$CONFIGURATION.DAT
Export database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$EXPORT.DAT
Hosts database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$HOST.DAT
Networks database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$NETWORK.DAT
Proxy database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$PROXY.DAT
Routes database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$ROUTE.DAT
Services database	SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]TCPIP$SERVICE.DAT
Printcap database (used by LPR/LPD)	SYS$SPECIFIC:[TCPIP_LPD]TCPIP$PRINTCAP.DAT

1.1.1 Logical Names

Logical names allow you to customize or modify component behavior. Logical names also point to directories, database files, and log files.

TCPIP$CONFIG defines the following logical names for the databases listed in Table 1-1.

• TCPIP$BOOTP
• TCPIP$CONFIG
• TCPIP$EXPORT
• TCPIP$HOST
• TCPIP$NETWORK
• TCPIP$PROXY
• TCPIP$ROUTE
• TCPIP$SERVICE
• TCPIP$LPD

See individual component chapters in this manual for information on how specific components use logical names.

1.1.2 Modifying Your Configuration

After the initial configuration, you may want to reconfigure existing components or configure new ones, disable and re-enable components, add hosts, reconfigure routing, and so forth.

When making any configuration modifications, Compaq strongly recommends that you rerun the configuration procedure SYS$STARTUP:TCPIP$CONFIG¹.

In some instances, TCPIP$CONFIG only partially configures a component (for example, when configuring a BIND name server). You may need to run additional setup programs or enter management commands to complete the configuration and fine-tune your environment.

Component-specific chapters in this manual describe additional configuration tasks and explain how to configure and manage specific components. These tasks may include:

• Manually adding information, such as database records, that the configuration procedure cannot handle
• Temporarily enabling or disabling a service
• Configuring customized applications
• Tuning performance
• Troubleshooting problems

Throughout this manual, all commands are assumed to be TCP/IP Services management commands. Any DCL commands that are mentioned are identified as such.

For a full description of the management commands and a discussion of how to use them, see the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference manual.

1.1.3 Saving Changes

The configuration procedure TCPIP$CONFIG saves configuration and initialization information in the file TCPIP$CONFIGURATION.DAT. You can modify the configuration database dynamically or permanently, as follows:

• SET commands modify the software dynamically, as it is running. Changes made in this manner are not saved permanently and are overwritten if they differ from settings in the permanent configuration database.
• SET CONFIGURATION commands modify the permanent database but do not take effect until the next time the product starts up.

To make changes take effect immediately and modify permanent settings, enter both the interactive SET and permanent SET CONFIGURATION commands.

The following commands permanently modify the configuration database:

• SET CONFIGURATION BIND
• SET CONFIGURATION COMMUNICATION
• SET CONFIGURATION ENABLE SERVICE
• SET CONFIGURATION DISABLE SERVICE
• SET CONFIGURATION INTERFACE
• SET CONFIGURATION NAME_SERVICE
• SET CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
• SET CONFIGURATION SMTP
• SET CONFIGURATION SNMP
• SET CONFIGURATION START ROUTING
• SET CONFIGURATION STOP ROUTING

Compaq strongly recommends that you use TCPIP$CONFIG to start and stop the software. If you need to start the product manually, enter the following command:

$ @SYS$MANAGER:TCPIP$STARTUP

The startup procedure enables the configured services and initializes the configured network interfaces.

To stop the product manually, enter the following command:

$ @SYS$MANAGER:TCPIP$SHUTDOWN

The shutdown procedure involves these steps:

1. Stops network communication
2. Disables active services
3. Deletes the network interface definitions
4. De-assigns defined logical names
5. Deletes installed images

Copyright © Compaq Computer Corporation 1998. All rights reserved. Legal

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